Lying in the North-Eastern part of Romania, Neamt county's relief appears to be a vast natural amphitheatre, oriented from the West – 1907m Ocolasu Mare Peak, Ceahlau mountain, towards the East -180m, Siret Valley. The relief is very diversified, the mountain regions representing 45% of the total territory. The most important massif in the Oriental Carpathians is Ceahlau mountain, which impresses by the beauty of the landscape and by its imposing aspect. The medial stage of the relief is represented by the sub-Carpathian depressions - Neamt, Cracau, Bistrita, and the inferior one by Siret, Moldova and Bistrita Valleys.

Neamt county has several protected areas, the most important being Ceahlau National Park (8396 ha) – with its major objective of preserving the biological diversity (rare species of mountain fauna and flora). Vanatori-Neamt National Park has a silvan character (oak and birch reserve) and a cynegetic one (aurochs and Carpathian fauna). 

The main industries in the county are: wood/furniture, chemical industry, textile industry, food industry, construction materials. Natural gas, rocks used as building materials, mineral springs, coal and mineral deposits are the main natural resources of the county.

Neamţ county is known as the region with the highest number of monasteries to be found per square kilometer in the world: Agapia, Varatec, Secu, Sihastria, Neamt monasteries, and many others, valuable historic and art monuments. Important vestiges from Cucuteni Eneolitic Culture are preserved by the first exclusive Cucuteni Museum in Romania – Piatra Neamt; Neamt Fortress (Targu Neamt), built during the 15th century, a genuine symbol of the Moldavian culture.  Among other important tourist attractions of the county we can mention: Ceahlau National Park, Bicaz Gorges (Cheile Bicazului), Durau ski resort (at the foot of Ceahlau moutain) and numerous art and history museums. We can also mention the different types of tourism that can be practised  in our region: mountain tourism, ecumenical and culture tourism, balneary tourism, rural and agro-tourism, sporty tourism (climbing, hunting and fishing, aquatic sports). 

Neamt County has a communication network of 724,648 km of county roads, 418.196 km of national roads and the E85 European Road. The county is also accessible on the railroad and through the regional and international airports of Bacau, Iasi and Bucharest.