Lying in the central part of Romania, following the course of the Mureş River, Mureş County has a relief that gradually descends from the mountaintops of the Eastern Carpathians to the Transylvanian Plain and the Târnave Plateau. The plateau and the hills cover half of the county's area, the other half belonging to the Sub-Carpathian hills and the volcanic mountains of Călimani and Gurghiu.

The surface of Mureş County includes 6,696 square kilometres. It represents almost three percent of the present surface of Romania and its about 579.000 inhabitants represent a similar proportion in the population of the country. 48,8% of the population lives in the urban areas (in 4 municipalities and 7 cities) and 51,2% in rural areas, in 91 communes made up of 486 villages. The municipality of Tîrgu Mureş is the county residence.

Natural gas, rocks used as building materials, mineral springs and forests are the main natural resources of the county. A rich fauna and numerous fish species, the flora of natural reserves represent the generous offer of the region. These natural beauties are doubled by the rich traditions of four nationalities (Romanians, Hungarians, Germans and Roma) that ensure the unique multiculturalism of the county. In addition to the natural beauties and folk traditions, there are many historical and architectural monuments, buildings from the 14th - 18th centuries, with influences from the European styles of that time.

Mureş County has a communication network of 1846 km2 of public roads, out of which 18% represents national roads and there is also the E60 European Road. The county is also accessible on the railroad and through the Regional Airport of Tîrgu Mureş - Vidrasău.